Cricket Explainers 3 July 2026 · 5 min read

What is LBW in cricket?

The bowler appeals, the umpire pauses, then a finger slowly rises — or doesn't. LBW causes more confusion for newcomers than any other rule in cricket. Here's exactly what has to happen for a batter to be given out.

The basic idea

LBW stands for "leg before wicket." In cricket, a bowler is trying to hit a set of three wooden stumps behind the batter with the ball. Normally, the batter defends the stumps with their bat. LBW exists to stop batters using their body — usually their leg — to block the ball instead.

In simple terms: if the ball hits the batter's body rather than their bat, and the umpire judges it would have gone on to hit the stumps, the batter can be given out.

What actually has to be true?

It's not quite as simple as "ball hits leg, batter's out." The umpire has to work through several conditions, all within a couple of seconds, before raising the finger:

1. It can't be a no-ball

If the bowler has overstepped or bowled illegally, LBW is off the table entirely, no matter what happens next.

2. Where the ball pitched

If the ball bounces before reaching the batter, it must land in line with the stumps or on the "off side" — the side the batter's chest faces in their stance. If it pitches on the "leg side" (behind the batter's legs), it's never out, whatever happens afterwards.

3. The bat can't touch it first

If the ball hits the bat — even faintly — before hitting the batter's body, LBW is impossible. This is one of the most common reasons a review overturns a decision.

4. Where it hits the batter

The point of impact normally has to be in line with the stumps. There's one exception, covered below.

5. Would it have hit the stumps?

The umpire has to judge whether the ball was on course to hit the stumps, assuming it carried on in a straight line after impact.

The "playing a shot" exception

There's one important twist to condition four. If the batter genuinely attempted to play a shot with the bat and missed, they can only be given out if the ball struck them in line with the stumps. But if the batter made no attempt to play a shot at all — simply blocking the ball with their pad — they can still be given out even if the impact was outside off stump.

Example: A batter thrusts their pad forward to block a ball without offering a shot, and it strikes them well outside off stump. Because they made no genuine attempt to play it, they can still be given out — a decision that often looks harsh to newcomers, but is exactly what the law is designed to catch.

This rule exists specifically to stop batters using their pads as a second bat. Without it, a batter could simply block every ball heading for the stumps with their leg and never risk being dismissed.

Why it's still so hard to call

Even with clear conditions, an umpire has to judge line, height, and trajectory in real time, from a single vantage point, on a delivery travelling at speed. That's exactly why LBW is one of the most reviewed decisions in the game — teams can challenge the on-field call using ball-tracking technology, which we've covered separately in our DRS explainer.

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